How does wind affect takeoff and landing?

Wind plays a crucial role in the performance of an aircraft during takeoff and landing. The correct answer highlights that headwinds, which blow directly against the direction of takeoff or landing, enhance the performance of the aircraft by increasing lift at slower speeds. This can lead to a shorter takeoff distance and a more effective landing approach, allowing pilots to operate the aircraft more safely and efficiently.

On the other hand, tailwinds, which blow in the same direction as the takeoff or landing, can be detrimental. They can extend the distance required for takeoff since the aircraft needs more speed to achieve the necessary lift, and they can complicate landing approaches by increasing the landing distance needed.

Thus, the correct answer illustrates that while headwinds improve performance, tailwinds can hinder it, thereby providing a clear context on how different wind conditions affect flight operations during critical phases like takeoff and landing.