What does the term “wind shear” refer to?

Wind shear refers to a sudden change in wind direction or speed over a short distance, either vertically or horizontally. This phenomenon can have significant effects on aircraft, especially during takeoff, landing, or when flying at low altitudes. Pilots need to be aware of wind shear because it can lead to abrupt changes in lift, resulting in challenges when managing the aircraft's flight path.

In practical terms, experiencing wind shear might mean that as an aircraft is approaching a runway, it suddenly encounters increasing headwind, or at times, a tailwind that can lead to a loss of altitude or gain unexpectedly. This unpredictability is what makes wind shear particularly dangerous during flight phases that require precision, such as landing and takeoff. Understanding wind shear is essential for pilots to ensure safety and to adjust their flying techniques accordingly.